Golide ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokhazikika kwambiri zamakina, ndipo tinthu tating'ono ta golide ta nanoscale tili ndi zinthu zapadera komanso zamankhwala.Kumayambiriro kwa 1857, Faraday anachepetsa njira yothetsera madzi a AuCl4 ndi phosphorous kuti apeze njira yofiira ya colloidal ya nanoppowders ya golide, yomwe inasokoneza kumvetsetsa kwa anthu za mtundu wa golide.Tinthu tating'ono tagolide ta Nano tapezekanso kuti tili ndi fluorescence, supramolecular and molecular recognition properties.Ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a ufa wa golide wa nano kuti ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu za biosensors, photochemical and electrochemical catalysis, ndi optoelectronic zipangizo.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutengera chikhalidwe cha red-shift ya pamwamba plasmon resonance pachimake cha Au nanoparticles pambuyo adsorption, ndi DNA ndi zimam'patsa mamolekyu zodzaza ndi nano Au particles anaphunziridwa ndipo anapeza kuti zothandiza m'minda ya chitetezo chokwanira, calibration. ndi tracer.

Gold nanoparticlesmonga mtundu wa nanoparticles, amakopeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo, homogeneity ndi biocompatibility.Mawonekedwe a plasmon resonance komanso kuphatikiza kwa tinthu tating'ono ta golide, komanso kudalira kwawo kwachilengedwe, zimawapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikiritsa mitundu.Zomwe zidanenedwa za kuphatikizika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta Au nano zikuphatikizapo hydrogen bonding, ionic ligand site interaction, metal coordination, ndi host-mlendo kuphatikiza.Pogwiritsa ntchito sodium citrate ngati stabilizer, sodium citrate-modified gold nanoparticles adapangidwa bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma probes colorimetric.Pamwamba pa kafukufuku wa golide wa nano ndi wolakwika ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi mamolekyu omwe ali ndi chandamale chandamale kudzera mukuchita kwa electrostatic.Mu yankho la BR buffer pa pH 4.6, propranolol imayimbidwa bwino chifukwa cha protonation, kotero imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nanoparticles yagolide, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mtundu wa dongosolo, kuti akhazikitse njira yosavuta yozindikiritsa colorimetric ya propranolol.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi kuphatikizika kwa ufa wa golide wa nano, mphamvu ya RRS ya dongosolo idzawonjezekanso, kotero njira ya RRS yokhala ndi fluorescence spectrophotometer yosavuta monga detector imakhazikitsidwanso kuti izindikire propranolol mosamala.Kutengera ndi sodium citrate-modified gold nan oparticles, colorimetric ndi RRS njira zodziwira propranolol zinakhazikitsidwa.

Hongwu Nano ali ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yokhazikika ya golide wapamwamba kwambiri (Au) nano particles, chitsimikizo cha khalidwe, malonda a fakitale mwachindunji, ndi mitengo yampikisano.Chonde musazengereze kulumikizana nafe kuti mumve zambiri.