Parizvino, simbi yakakosha nano zvinhu zvinoshandiswa munenge maindasitiri ese, uye aya masimbi anokosha anowanzo kugadzirwa zvakanyanya.Izvo zvinodaidzwa kudzika kugadzirwa kwesimbi dzakakosha zvinoreva nzira yekushandura chimiro chemuviri kana kemikari yemasimbi anokosha kana makomisheni kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa magadzirirwo kuti ive yakakosha simbi zvigadzirwa.Ikozvino kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa ne nanotechnology, chiyero cheyakakosha simbi yakadzika kugadzirisa chakawedzerwa, uye akawanda akakosha simbi akadzika ekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa akaunzwa zvakare.

Nano yakakosha simbi zvinhu zvinosanganisira akati wandei emhando yesimbi yakareruka zvinhu uye yakasanganiswa nanopowder zvinhu, inoyevedza simbi itsva macromolecular nanomaterials uye inoyevedza simbi firimu zvinhu.Pakati pavo, izvo zvekutanga uye zvakasanganiswa nano poda zvinhu zveakanaka simbi zvinogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: inotsigirwa uye isina-inotsigirwa, inova ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yakakosha simbi nanomaterials muindasitiri.

1. Nanopowder zvinhu zvesimbi zvinokudzwa uye makomboni

1.1.Hupfu husina kutsigirwa

Kune mhando mbiri dzenanopowder dzesimbi dzakanaka sesirivha (Ag), goridhe (Au), palladium (Pd) uye platinamu (Pt), uye nanoparticles emhando dzesimbi dzakasanganiswa sesirivha oxide.Nekuda kwesimba rakasimba rekubatana kwepamusoro pe nanoparticles, zviri nyore kuunganidza pakati pe nanoparticles.Kazhinji, imwe nhengo yekudzivirira (ine dispersing effect) inoshandiswa kupfekedza pamusoro pezvikamu panguva yekugadzirira kana mushure mokunge chigadzirwa chehupfu chinowanikwa.

Application:

Parizvino, iyo isingatsigirwe yakakosha simbi nanoparticles iyo yakave maindasitiri uye kushandiswa muindasitiri inonyanya kusanganisira nano sirivheri poda, nano goridhe hupfu, nano platinamu hupfu uye nano sirivheri oxide.Nano goridhe particle semuvarari yagara ichishandiswa muVenetian girazi uye yakasvibiswa girazi, uye gauze ine nano sirivheri poda inogona kushandiswa kurapa varwere vanopisa.Parizvino, nano sirivheri poda inogona kutsiva Ultra-yakanaka sirivha poda mune conductive paste, iyo inogona kuderedza huwandu hwesirivheri uye kuderedza mutengo;kana nano simbi zvimedu zvichishandiswa semavara mupende, iyo inopenya yakasarudzika inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kumota dzeumbozha uye kumwe kushongedza kwepamusoro.Iyo ine yakakura application kugona.

Pamusoro pezvo, iyo slurry yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakosha colloid ine yakakwira performance-price ratio uye yakagadzikana chigadzirwa mhando, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chizvarwa chitsva chepamusoro-inoshanda zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakakosha simbi colloid pachayo inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvakananga mumagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira uye yemagetsi kurongedza tekinoroji, senge yakakosha simbi Pd colloids inogona kugadzirwa mu toner zvinwiwa zvemagetsi dunhu kugadzira uye handicraft goridhe plating.

1.2.Yakatsigirwa hupfu

Izvo zvinotsigirwa nano zvinhu zvesimbi dzakanaka zvinowanzoreva macomposites anowanikwa nekurodha nanoparticles emhando dzesimbi nemakomponi awo pane imwe porous inotakura, uye vamwe vanhu vanoaisawo seanokudzwa simbi composites.Iine mabhenefiti makuru maviri:

① Nano poda zviwanikwa zvezvakanyanya kuparadzirwa uye yunifomu zvine mbiri simbi zvinhu uye makomisheni zvinogona kuwanikwa, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira kuunganidzwa kweakanaka simbi nanoparticles;

②Maitirwo ekugadzira ari nyore kupfuura ayo asina kutsigirwa mhando, uye zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi zviri nyore kudzora.

Iwo anotsigirwa ane mbiri simbi poda akagadzirwa uye akashandiswa muindasitiri anosanganisira Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh uye alloy nanoparticles akaumbwa pakati pavo nemamwe masimbi epasi.

Application:

Parizvino inotsigirwa inoyevedza simbi nanomaterials inonyanya kushandiswa senge catalysts.Nekuda kwehukuru hudiki uye hombe yakananga nzvimbo yeinokudzwa simbi nanoparticles, iyo yekubatanidza mamiriro uye kurongeka kwemaatomu epamusoro akasiyana zvakanyanya neaya ari mukati maatomu, zvekuti nzvimbo dzinoshanda dziri pamusoro peakanaka simbi zvimedu zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya. , uye vane mamiriro ezvinhu ekutanga sezvinokonzeresa.Uye zvakare, iyo yakasarudzika kemikari kugadzikana kwesimbi dzakakosha inoita kuti ive yakasarudzika catalytic kugadzikana, catalytic chiitiko uye kugadzirwa patsva mushure mekugadzirwa kuita catalysts.

Parizvino, dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro-inoshanda nano-scale yakakosha simbi catalysts yekushandisa mumakemikari synthesis indasitiri yakagadziridzwa.Semuenzaniso, colloidal Pt catalyst inotsigirwa pa zeolite-1 inoshandiswa kushandura alkanes kuita petroleum, colloidal Ru inotsigirwa pa carbon inogona kushandiswa ammonia synthesis, Pt100 -xAux colloids inogona kushandiswa n-butane hydrogenolysis uye isomerization.Simbi yakakosha (kunyanya Pt) nanomaterials seanokonzeresa zvakare inoita basa rakakosha mukutengesa kwemafuta maseru: nekuda kwekuita kwakanakisa kwekuita kwe1-10 nm Pt zvimedu, nano-scale Pt inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta anokonzeresa, kwete chete inokonzeresa. performance.Inovandudzwa, uye kuwanda kwesimbi inokosha inogona kuderedzwa, kuitira kuti mari yekugadzirira inogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.

Pamusoro pezvo, nano-scale masimbi anokosha achaitawo basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwesimba rehydrogen.Kushandiswa kwenano-scale noble metal catalysts kupatsanura mvura kugadzira haidrojeni igwara rekuvandudza kweanoremerera esimbi nanomaterials.Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekushandisa dzakanaka simbi nanomaterials kukonzeresa kugadzirwa kwehydrogen.Semuenzaniso, colloidal Ir isimba rinoshanda rekudzikisa mvura kune kugadzirwa kwehydrogen.

2. Novel clusters of noble metals

Uchishandisa iyo Schiffrin reaction, Au, Ag uye alloys avo akadzivirirwa nealkyl thiol anogona kugadzirwa, akadai seAu/Ag, Au/Cu, Au/Ag/Cu, Au/Pt, Au/Pd uye maatomu masumbu eAu/Ag/ Cu/Pd etc. Huwandu hwehuwandu hweiyo cluster complex haina kuroorwa uye inogona kuwana "molecular" kuchena.Hunhu hwakagadzikana hunovatendera kuti vadzokororwe nekunyungudutswa uye kunaya senge mamorekuru asina agglomeration, uye anogona zvakare kusangana nemabatiro akadai sekutsinhana, kubatanidza uye polymerization, uye kugadzira makristasi ane masumbu eatomu sezvikamu zvezvimiro.Naizvozvo, masumbu eatomu akadai anonzi monolayer protected cluster molecules (MPC).

Chikumbiro: Zvakaonekwa kuti goridhe nanoparticles ine saizi ye3-40 nm inogona kushandiswa kusvibisa mukati memaseru uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwemukati kwetishu kucherechedzwa kwemaseru, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakutsvaga kwesero biology.

3. Yakakosha simbi firimu zvinhu

Masimbi anokosha ane zvimiro zvemakemikari akagadzikana uye hazvisi nyore kuita pamwe nenharaunda yakapoteredza, uye anowanzoshandiswa kugadzira machira epamusoro uye mafirimu ane porous.Pamusoro pekushongedza kwakajairika, mumakore achangopfuura, girazi rakaputirwa negoridhe rakaonekwa sechidzitiro chemadziro kuratidza kupisa kupisa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.Semuenzaniso, Royal Bank yeCanada Building muToronto yakaisa girazi rinovhenekera regoridhe, richishandisa 77.77 kg yegoridhe.

Hongwu Nano inyanzvi yekugadzira nano yakakosha simbi zvidimbu, izvo zvinogona kupa elemental nano yakakosha simbi zvidimbu, yakakosha simbi oxide nanoparticles, shell-core nanoparticles ine simbi dzinokosha uye kupararira kwavo mumabhechi.Kugamuchirwa kuti utaure nesu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo!