kemika a me kahi mea maka nui no ka hana ʻana i nā mea pale a me nā capacitors.

ʻO ke kī a me ke kumu o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila ʻo ia ka paʻi uila, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ia mea e pili pono ana i ka hana o nā ʻāpana kiʻiʻoniʻoni mānoanoa.Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka paʻi uila, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka paʻi resistor i nā mea pale i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni mānoanoa, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka pūʻali koa, aerospace, kamaʻilio a me nā kahua kaʻa.
ʻO ka Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) ka paʻi kū'ē'ē he mea nui o ka pa'i kū'ē.

Loaʻa iā RuO2 nā mea maikaʻi o ka hana catalytic maikaʻi, nā waiwai paʻa paʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a he metala-like kiʻekiʻe-conductivity metala oxide, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka electrochemical catalysis, chlor-alkali ʻoihana a me nā kaapuni hoʻohui.
ʻO nā mea pale i hana ʻia me RuO2 nā mea maikaʻi o ka laulā kūʻē ākea, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ikaika anti-reduction hiki, kiʻekiʻe-mana haawe kūʻokoʻa, a me ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi.
No laila, ʻo Ru02 mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale pale paʻi e noho i ka hapa nui i nā mea pale chip a me nā kaapuni hoʻohui kiʻi ʻoniʻoni mānoanoa.