Zindikirani: malinga ndi wosuta amafuna nano tinthu angapereke zosiyanasiyana kukula mankhwala.

Cu, 20nm, 40nm, 40nm, 70nm, 100nm, 200nm, spherical

Komanso kukula kwa micron ndi micron kumatha kuperekedwa.

Kwa 20nm Cu popeza imagwira ntchito kwambiri, timapereka ufa wonyowa uli ndi madzi osungunuka okha, amtundu wina wa tinthu, onse ufa wouma ndi ufa wonyowa OK.

Zochita zamalonda

Kukula kwakung'ono, zabwino kumwazikana, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, sinthani ntchito OK

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Njira yofunsira

Mafuta owonjezera, chothandizira, conductiv, zokutira, etc.

Zosungirako

Izi mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa youma, ozizira ndi kusindikiza chilengedwe, sangakhale kukhudzana ndi mpweya, kuwonjezera ayenera kupewa mavuto olemera, malinga wamba katundu mayendedwe.Kwa 20nm Cu sitolo mu furiji amalangizidwa.