Inā he pilikia ka pohō o ka lauoho no ka poʻe mākua, a laila ʻo ka pala o ka niho (inoa ʻepekema caries) he pilikia maʻamau no ka poʻe o nā makahiki āpau.

Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpio niho ma koʻu ʻāina ma luna o 50%, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha niho ma waena o ka poʻe waena waena ma mua o 80%, a ma waena o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 95%.Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia i ka manawa, hiki i kēia maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau o ka niho paʻakikī ke kumu o ka pulpitis a me ka periodontitis apical, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka iwi alveolar a me ka iwi iwi ā, e hoʻopilikia nui i ke olakino a me ke ola o ka mea maʻi.I kēia manawa, ua hālāwai paha kēia maʻi i kahi "nemesis."

Ma ka American Chemical Society (ACS) Virtual Conference and Exhibition in the Fall 2020, ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Illinois ma Chicago i kahi ʻano hou o ka cerium nanoparticle formulation e hiki ke pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka plaque niho a me ka pala o ka niho i loko o hoʻokahi lā.I kēia manawa, ua noi ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi palapala patent, a hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā keʻena niho i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Aia ma mua o 700 mau ʻano bacteria i loko o ka waha kanaka.Ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​bacteria maikaʻi e kōkua i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā microorganism ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo nā maʻi ʻino pū kekahi me Streptococcus mutans.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēlā ʻano bacteria pōʻino i nā niho a hōʻiliʻili e hana i kahi "biofilm", e ʻai i nā kō a hana i nā huahana ʻawaʻawa e hōʻino i ka enamel niho, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ala no ka "palapala niho".

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka fluoride stannous, silver nitrate a i ʻole diamine fluoride no ke kāohi ʻana i ka plaque niho a pale aku i ka pala o nā niho.Aia kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohana i nā nanoparticles i hana ʻia me ka zinc oxide, copper oxide, etc. no ka mālama ʻana i ka pala niho.Akā ʻo ka pilikia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho ma mua o 20 i loko o ka lua waha o ke kanaka, a aia lākou a pau i ka pōʻino e ka bacteria.ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke pepehi i nā sela maikaʻi a hiki i ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau o nā bacteria ʻino.

No laila, manaʻolana ka poʻe noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi ala e pale ai i ka hua bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ka waha waha a pale i ka pala o ka niho.Huli lākou i ko lākou manaʻo i nā nanoparticles cerium oxide (ka molecular formula: CeO2).ʻO ka ʻāpana kekahi o nā mea antibacterial koʻikoʻi a loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā cell maʻamau a me ka mīkini antibacterial e pili ana i ka hoʻololi valence reversible.I ka makahiki 2019, ua ʻimi nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui ʻo Nankai i ka ʻōnaehana antibacterial hikinā nanoparticles cerium oxidei loko o Science China Materials.

Wahi a ka hōʻike a ka poʻe noiʻi i ka ʻaha kūkā, ua hana lākou i nā nanoparticles cerium oxide ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka cerium nitrate a i ʻole ammonium sulfate i loko o ka wai, a ua aʻo i ka hopena o nā mea ma luna o ka "biofilm" i hana ʻia e Streptococcus mutans.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka cerium oxide nanoparticles ke wehe i ka "biofilm" i kēia manawa, ua hoʻemi lākou i kona ulu ʻana ma 40%.Ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau anti-cavity agent silver nitrate ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka "biofilm".ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka "membrane".

ʻO ka mea noiʻi nui o ka papahana, ʻo Russell Pesavento o ke Kulanui o Illinois ma Chicago, i ʻōlelo ʻia: "ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana lapaʻau ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi bacteria waha.ʻO nā nanoparticles e pale wale i nā microorganism mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka waiwai a hana i kahi biofilm.A ʻo ka mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā hopena metabolic i nā cell waha kanaka i loko o kahi ipu petri he mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nitrate kālā i ka mālama maʻamau. 

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka hui e hoʻohana i nā uhi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā nanoparticles ma kahi pH kūʻokoʻa a nāwaliwali ʻole ka pH kokoke i ko ka saliva.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka hopena o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o nā pūnaewele kanaka ma ka ʻāpana digestive haʻahaʻa i loko o kahi flora microbial waha piha piha, i mea e hāʻawi ai i nā poʻe maʻi i kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka palekana.